GeneTree DNA Ancestral Orgins (Maternal/mt-DNA) The DNA Ancestral Origins Maternal/mtDNA test determines your ancestral origins based on maternal linkage (mother-to-all her children). At-home DNA specimen collection is as easy as swabbing the inside of your cheek.

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GeneTree DNA Ancestral Origins (Maternal/mtDNA)

Markers on the mtDNA are inherited from mother to child. The absence or presence of these markers are used to assign the DNA into a specific human maternal lineage. There are approximately 30 major human maternal lineages, many of which are continent specific These major human lineages (or haplogroups) can be subdivided into sub-lineages which are often regionally or population specific. GeneTree examines multiple regions of the mtDNA to provide the most information possible about a maternal lineage.

For the mtDNA maternal ancestry test, the amount of ancestral information that can be revealed depends on the results established from testing the DNA. An individual that has a very old DNA lineage can usually be identified to a continental region such as Western Europe. Younger lineages can be identified to more specific regions, such as Southwest North America. Very young mtDNA lineages could provide even more detailed, population specific information.

GeneTree examines multiple regions of your mtDNA to provide the most information possible about your maternal lineage. This involves a three-step process:

• The laboratory will sequence a very informative region of the mitochondrial genome to act as a roadmap in helping determine the geographic origin of DNA lineage;
• Based on this mtDNA sequence, the lab will perform additional SNP DNA tests to confirm the haplogroup assignment, and to identify regional or population specific markers within the haplogroup;
• Once the GeneTree has ascertained the haplogroup assignment, and characterized the particular haplotype (lineage), the lab will analyze the sequence against the DNA databases to identify the closest bio-geographic matches.

This DNA migration pattern map, created from compiled research on DNA populations around the world, demonstrates that the first Humans originated in Africa about 130-180 thousand years ago.

•  mtDNA macro-lineage L is predominant in Africa
• mt-DNA macro-lineages M and N are found throughout Eurasia and Australia
• mtDNA lineages H, I , J, K, T, N, U, V, W and X are predominant in West Eurasia
• mtDNA lineages A, B, C, D, E, F, G, M, P, Q and Z are predominant in Asia and Oceania
• mtDNA lineages A, B, C, D, and X are found in the Americas.

The mtDNA Haplogroups:

• L1, L2, and L3 - Found in Sub-Saharan African lineages.
• H, I, J, K, T, U, V, W and X - Found in nearly all lineages from Europe, North African and Western Asian Caucasians.
• A, B, C, D, E, F, G and M - Found in the majority of the Asian, Oceania and Native American lineages.

The DNAdetective services use DNA profiles obtained from special specimens, such as licked envelopes, hair, toothbrushes, semen, blood stains, chewed gum, or other biological specimens. These DNA profiles can then be compared to DNA profiles from a cheek swab, blood, or special specimens such as those listed above.

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