INNOVACON Labs Urine Drug Adulteration Strips INNOVACON Labs Drug Adulteration Test is a fast dip-and-read test that semi-quantitatively analyzes a urine sample for Creatinine, Nitrites, Glutaraldehyde, pH, Specific gravity & Oxidant/PCC. 1 - Minutes result time. 25 Strips Per Canister.

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TMS Labs Drug Adulteration Test Strip

For In Vitro use only. Read all instructions, precautions, limitations before performing this test

INTENDED USE

TMS Labs Drug Test is a fast dip-and-read test for the determination of diluted or adulterated urine specimens. It is an important pre-screening test for any drug-testing program. For each order you will receive a single Canister with 25 testing strips. You only need to use ONE testing strip per urine sample.

SUMMARY AND EXPLANATION

TMS Labs drug adulteration tests are firm plastic strips to which six different reagent areas are affixed. TMS Labs test strips are ready-to-use and disposable. No equipment is required for its use. Only  fresh and uncentrifuged urine samples without preservatives are to be used.

TMS Labs strips provides tests for Creatinine, Nitrite, pH, Specific Gravity, Glutaraldehyde and Oxidants/PPC in urine. Test results may be useful for assessing the integrity of the urine sample prior to Drug-of-Abuse testing. For example, whether the sample is possibly diluted with water or other liquids as indicated by the creatinine and specific gravity tests. TMS Labs strips detects whether the sample contains commercially available adulterants including nitrite, glutaraldehyde, bleach, pyridinium chlorochromate and other oxidizing agents. TMS Labs strips can also assess whether the sample is possibly contaminated by acidic (vinegar) or basic (ammonia solution) adulterants as indicated by the pH test.

TEST PRINCIPLE

In general, all seven tests are based on the chemical reactions of the six indicator reagents on the pads with components in the urine sample effecting color changes. Results are obtained by comparing the color on each of the test pads with the corresponding pad on the color chart.

Creatinine: a waste product of creatine (an amino-acid contained in muscle tissue), is a normal constituent of human urine. In specimen validity testing, Creatinine is used as a marker for dilution. Specimen dilution can be either in vivo (the donor drank excessive amounts of water) or in vitro (liquid was added to the urine after collection) and represents the most common form of specimen tampering.  In vivo dilution using diuretics is often referred to as "flushing". Creatinine and specific gravity are often interpreted simultaneously as indicators for dilution. Low creatinine and low gravity levels indicate dilute urine.

Nitrites: are a class of chemicals not usually found in normal human urine. Commercial adulterants Klear and Whizzies use nitrites as their primary active ingredient. Nitrites work of oxidizing the major cannabinoid metabolite (THC-COOH). The intent of oxidizing THC-COOH is to render it undetectable by the immunoassay or confirmation methods. Recent research suggests that performing the immunoassay drug screen shorty after the urine collection limits the effectiveness of the nitrite since the chemical needs time to modify the THC-COOH compound. By the time a positive sample arrives to the lab for confirmation, however, the THC-COOH has often been destroyed. Normal human urine should contain no traces of nitrites and, as such, presence of nitrites in urine generally indicates the use of an adulterant.

Glutaraldehyde: is a chemical compound that, when used as an adulterant, is believed to inactivate the enzyme used in the EMIT automated drug screening reagent. Although it is not believed to produce false negative results on a lateral flow test, commercial adulteration agents UrinAid and Clear Choice still contain Glutaraldehyde. Glutaraldehyde is not normally in urine so detection of the compound is generally an indication of adulteration.

Oxidants:  tests for the presence oxidizing reagents such as bleach, hydrogen peroxide, and pyridinium chlorochromate (PCC). Like nitrites, oxidants work to modify the structure of the target drugs in urine (like THC-COOH). Many commercial adulterants contain oxidants of PCC. Examples include UrineLuck (PCC) and Stealth (peroxidase). Normal urine should contain no trace of oxidants/PCC.

pH: tests for the presence of acidic or alkaline adulterants in urine. Normal urine pH levels should be in the range of 4.0 - 9.0 values outside of this range may indicate the sample has been adultered.

Specific Gravity: tests for the "viscosity" of the urine sample. The SG range for normal human urine is from 1.003 to 1.030. Values outside this range should be considered abnormal and may indicate specimen tampering.

STORAGE

1. Store at room temperature between 15° C -30° C.
2. All test strips should be stored in the original container. Do not remove desiccant from bottle.
3. Do not expose to direct sunlight.
4. Remove only as many strips required for testing and immediately recap the container tightly.
5. Do not use after expiration date.

PRECAUTIONS

TMS Labs test strips are for in-vitro diagnostic use.  Do not touch test areas of strips.

SPECIMEN COLLECTION

1. Collect urine in a clean glass or plastic container.
2. Test urine sample as soon as possible after collection. Refrigerate urine sample immediately if the sample cannot be tested within one hour. Bring refrigerated sample to room temperature and mix thoroughly before testing.
3. Do not centrifuge or add preservatives to the urine sample.
4. Handle the urine sample as if were potentially infectious.
5. Aliquot a small portion of the urine sample into another container for testing in order to avoid contamination of the whole urine sample. Do not dip TMS Labs strips directly into primary collection container.

TEST PROCEDURE

1. Remove from the bottle only enough strips for immediate use and replace cap tightly.
2. Completely immerse reagent areas of the strip in fresh, well-mixed urine. Remove the strip immediately to avoid dissolving out the reagent areas.
3. While removing, touch the side of the strip against the rim of the urine container to remove excess urine. Blot the lengthwise edge of the strip on an absorbent paper towel to further remove excess urine and avoid running over (contamination from adjacent reagent pads.)
4. Compare each reagent area to its corresponding color blocks on the color chart and read at the times specified. Proper read time is critical for optimal results.
5. Obtain results by direct color chart comparison.

Note: All reagent areas may be read between 1-4 minutes for screening positive urine from negative urine. Changes in color after 4 minutes are of no diagnostic value.

INTERPRETATION OF RESULTS

Semi-quantitative results are obtained by visually comparing the color of each pad with the corresponding test color block pictured. No equipment required.

For best results, performance of reagent strips should be confirmed by testing known negative and positive specimens or controls whenever a new test is performed or a new bottle is first opened. Each laboratory should establish its own goals for adequate standard of performance, and should question handling and testing procedures if these standards are not met.

LIMITATIONS

Comparison to the color chart is dependent on the interpretation of the individual. It is therefore, recommended that all laboratory personnel interpreting the results of these strips be tested for color blindness. As with all laboratory test, definitive diagnostic or therapeutic decisions should not be based on any single test result or method.

Some compounds or physical properties that may affect the test result are listed below. Medications that discolor the urine may also cause abnormal results due to masking of the reactions of the reagents on the test pads.

EXPECTED VALUES

Creatinine: Daily creatinine excretion, related to muscle mass of the human body, is usually constant6. The DOT guideline1 states that urine specimens with creatinine levels of less than 20mg/dl are indications of adulteration. Although these ranges are affected by age, sex, diet, muscle mass and local population distribution2, sample with creatinine level of lower than 20mg/dl should be considered adulterated.

Glutaraldehyde: Glutaraldehyde is not a natural component of human urine and it should not be present in normal urine. The presence of glutaraldehyde in the urine sample indicates the possibility of adulteration. However, false positive may result when ketone bodies are present in urine. Ketone bodies may appear in urine when a person is in ketoacidosis, starvation or other metabolic abnormalities.

Nitrite: Although nitrite is not a normal component of urine, nitrite levels of up to 3.6mg/dl may be found in some urine specimens due to urinary tract infections, bacterial contamination or improper storage. In the TECO, nitrite level above 7.5mg/dl is considered abnormal.

Oxidants: The presence of oxidizing reagents in the urine is indicative of adulteration since oxidizing reagents include bleach, Hydrogen Peroxide, Pyridinium Chlorochromate, etc.

pH: Normal urine pH ranges from 4.5 to 8.0. Values below pH 4.0 or above pH 9.0 are indicative of adulteration.

Specific Gravity: Random urine may vary in specific gravity from 1.003-1.030. Normal adults with normal diets and normal fluid intake will have an average urine specific gravity of 1.016-1.0227. Elevated urine specific gravity value may be obtained in the presence of moderate quantities of protein. DOT guidelines1 state that a urine specimen with specific gravity level of less than 1.003 is an indication of adulteration. Specific gravity and creatinine values should be considered together to provide a better picture of whether the sample is adulterated.

REFERENCES

1. U.S. Department of Transportation, Drug Testing Procedures Handbook.
2. Young, D.S.et.al., Clinical Chemistry, 21 (9),1975.
3. Friedman, R.B. et.al., Clinical Chemistry: 26 (4),1980.
4. Tietz, N.W. Clinical Guide to Laboratory Tests, Third Edition, W.B. Saunders Company, p 566, 1995.
5. Chu, S.Y and Sparks., Clinical Chemistry, 17, 1984.
6. Tingsrud, K.M. and Linne, J.J., Urinalysis and body  Fluids.  A color Test and Atlas, Mosby-Year Book, Inc. 1995.
7. Henry, J.B. et al.: Clinical Diagnosis and Management by Laboratory Methods, 16th Ed. Philadelphia: Saunders; (1979).

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